Was India part of Antarctica?

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Was India part of Antarctica?

Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time. The map displays an early supercontinent, Gondwana, which eventually moved to form the continents we know today. Fossils of similar organisms across widely disparate continents encouraged the revolutionary theory of continental drift.

Most people will be surprised by this heading. But it’s true, India was part of this land mass. Did you know India was once an island, and even part of Antarctica! About 50 million years ago, it connected with the Asian continental plate, and due to the crashing of the continental plate the Himalayas was born. According to the geologists, the Himalaya mountains is a young mountain range, still growing. What changed when the Indian tectonic plate bumped into the Eurasian plate?

Continental drift is the hypothesis that the Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have drifted across the ocean bed. The idea of continental drift has been included into the science of plate tectonics, which studies the movement of the continents as they ride on plates of the Earth's lithosphere. Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time. Today, the theory of continental drift has been replaced by the science of plate tectonics.

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Earth’s outer shell is divided into large slabs of solid rock, called plates that make up continents. These plates glide over Earth’s mantle due to the heat currents building up deep inside the Earth’s core. This geological theory called Plate Tectonic theory, includes the movement of plates like the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate, among others.

Have you heard about Gondwanaland? Millenia ago, the supercontinent of Gondwanaland was formed with present-day South America, Africa, India, Australia and Antarctica. About 180 million years ago, it began to breakup, with the Indian subcontinent drifting northwards at about 10 cm per year. Covering a whopping 9,000 km in 70 million years, it eventually hit the Eurasian Plate to create the Indian subcontinent. Geologists have found seashells and other marine remains in the Himalayas confirming that there was a sea here before the collision and the birth of the Himalayan mountains.

Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time. The map displays an early supercontinent, Gondwana, which eventually moved to form the continents we know today. Fossils of similar organisms across widely disparate continents encouraged the revolutionary theory of continental drift.

As India crashed into the Eurasian plate, it gave rise to the highest mountain range of the world, the Himalayas. The sediment from the eroding Himalayan rocks led to the formation of the Bengal Delta. Interestingly, India’s journey across the waters, carrying along the animal and plant biology from the erstwhile Gondwanaland makes it comparable to the Viking funeral ship. One of the alleged Viking traditions called for dead Vikings to be set off to sea in a funeral ship along with their belongings.

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As India was getting closer to the Eurasian Plate over millions of years, withstanding several climatic changes evolution took the front seat. For example, a deer-like mammal, Indohyus, once living on the Indian subcontinent is said to have evolved into what we know today as the whale. Before the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the Earth was so warm that there were no ice caps on the North and South poles. Silicates in the Himalayas started to quickly absorb large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere, resulting in global cooling. This began the last Ice age.

Are the plates still moving? Is India still moving? The answer is a clear yes. And you have proof too. The Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat in 2001 and the Nepal earthquake in 2015 is a clear indication. Although slowed down, the Indian subcontinent continues to move northwards, resulting in Phenomena such as earthquakes from time to time.

The collision of the Indian subcontinent and Asian continent created the Himalayan Mountain range, home to the world's highest mountain peaks, including 30 that exceed 7300 meters (24,000 feet). Because continental drift is still pushing India into Asia, the Himalayas are still growing.

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Nageshwara Swamy Temple

Recently villagers in a small remote Indian village made a remarkable discovery; the remains of a well-preserved temple that had been lost to time since the 1850s. The villagers unearthed the 200-year-old temple buried in sand for nearly a century. The temple is dedicated to Lord Nageshwara, an avtar of Lord Shiva. The older generations of Perumallapadu had fond memories of visiting the shrine, though the younger generations were unaware of its existence.

Stories village elders told of the temple buried in the dunes inspired younger people to pick up their tools and start digging. It was found in Perumallapadu, a village in Nellore district in India. In about 1850, the village was rendered unlivable because the nearby Penna river rose and constantly flooded the remote village. When the local folks moved away, the sand dunes engulfed the whole temple. And it was only recently it was re-discovered.

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Goa beach in Goa, India

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