Internet wars under the sea!

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Internet wars under the sea!

There is a secret internet war going under the sea. Why are tech giants laying submarine cables? Today, in the internet era, have you ever wondered how data travels across the world so fast?....

It’s a cable war. A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communication cables laid beginning in the 1850s carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications links between continents, such as the first transatlantic telegraph cable which became operational on 16 August 1858. Subsequent generations of cables carried telephone traffic, then data communications traffic. Modern cables use optical fiber technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, Internet and private data traffic.

Modern cables are typically about 25 mm (1 in) in diameter and weigh around 1.4 tons per kilometer (2.5 short tons per mile; 2.2 long tons per mile) for the deep-sea sections which comprise the majority of the run, although larger and heavier cables are used for shallow-water sections near shore. Submarine cables first connected all the world's continents (except Antarctica when Java was connected to Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, in 1871 in anticipation of the completion of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line in 1872 connecting to Adelaide, South Australia, and thence to the rest of Australia.

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No technology is as profoundly important to the global economy as the internet, which is dependent on the security of a vast network of some 750,000 miles of seabed cables that interweave the oceans’ depths. The interdependence of global submarine communication systems means that a break in one cable can have cascading effects on internet access to distant states. While the rules to protect this critical infrastructure in peacetime should be refurbished, the need to further develop the rules to secure this global infrastructure during periods of armed conflict is perhaps even more compelling. Although several peacetime treaties protect submarine cables from disruption and criminal acts, albeit weakly, the rules that apply during naval war are even more antiquated. Because the law of naval warfare is principally based on custom and state practice rather than treaties, there is considerable uncertainty over how submarine cables would fare in conflict at sea.

There is a secret internet war going under the sea. Why are tech giants laying submarine cables? Today, in the internet era, have you ever wondered how data travels across the world so fast?

Submarine cables laid under the sea working on fiber-optic technology transmit data with the help of lasers that fire beams of light on one end of the cable at extremely high rates to send it to the other end.

*The data, for example – an email sent via cables/radio waves

*Router/Cellphone tower Internet Exchange (Sorting office) via fiber-optic cables

*Landing office via submarine cables.

 *The data’s journey continues on land similarly. As of now, the world has 1.3 million km of submarine cables in service.

*428 active submarine cables and 36 planned.

1,245 landing stations – 98% of all international internet traffic travels via submarine cables.

From less than 10% of total usage before 2012, content providers’ (Google, Face Book, Microsoft, etc) share of capacity surged to 66% in 2020.

With the rise of tech giants in the 21st century and their services like cloud computing and streaming, Tele Geography researcher Alam Mauldin says- They have more demand for bandwidth than anyone else.

Content providers have spent over $1.5 billion on cable construction in the last 5 years. Google has investments in 16 subsea cables. Recently it announced the construction of the world’s longest cable, Firming cable.

Face Book has stakes in around 12 Amazon and Microsoft have funded about 5 cables each. The reliance on submarine cables has propelled the tech giants into geopolitics. And it has generated a lot of interest among tech giants. And its tremendous possibilities have attracted many.

Many analysts believe that Chinese company Huawei’s involvement in the construction and repair of undersea cables worldwide could allow China to disrupt the internet connection in between nations, echoing strategies employed during wars. In March, Face Book dropped plans for a California – Hong Kong cable, reportedly due to pressure from the US government.

In 2018, Australia prevented Huawei from funding a cable over security concerns. The Royal Navy said it is building a surveillance ship to protect critical cables, citing a sabotage risk due to submarine warfare. Satellites are being discussed as a potential alternative that many may one day dominate the markets.

However, submarine cables continue to be best placed to meet the demand of carrying large amount of data. With increasing demand and development, it’s believed that the submarine cables race between the big tech giants is unlikely to slow down.

Currently, the world's longest undersea cable is SEA-ME-WE3 or South-East Asia - Middle East - Western Europe 3 that is 39,000 kilometers long and was completed in 2000. It has 39 landing points.

As of May 2014, the Internet is delivered to India mainly by 9 different undersea fibres, including SEA-ME-WE 3, Bay of Bengal Gateway and Europe India Gateway, arriving at 5 different landing points. India also has one overland internet connection, at the city of Agartala near the border with Bangladesh.

Currently, there are 15 subsea cables (17 if Seacom and MENA are considered seperate cables) landing in 15 cable landing stations in 5 cities across India, in Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin and Trivandrum. The two cables that Reliance Jio is laying are called India-Asia-Xpress (IAX) and India-Europe-Xpress (IEX). The IAX system will connect India eastbound to Singapore and beyond, while the IEX system will connect the country westbound to West Asia and Europe. Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Jio Infocomm said that it will be constructing the largest international submarine cable system centred on India. 

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Manifestation of Shiva

Khandoba, Martanda Bhairav or Malhari, is the Maratha manifestation of Shiva mainly in the Deccan plateau, though he is identified with Kartikeya and with Vishnu and also with sun. In Andhra, he is called Mallikarjuna and in Karnataka, he is Mallanna. Jains have identified him with Mallinath. Muslims who have a long history in Deccan region, identify him as Mallu Khan. 

He is visualized as riding a white horse brandishing a sword. He wears a Maratha turban, has a magnificent moustache and beard. Accompanying him on his horse is his main wife, Mhalsa. Jejuri is a town close to Pune in Maharastra. It is famous for the main temple devoted to Lord Khandoba.

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