Just 24 days to Mars

                                                 

Every one is waiting for 24 September’14 when India’s Mangalyaan is slated to be inserted in Mars atmosphere. It will be a very proud day for India and Indians all around the world. And Indian’s can confidently say – We have done it!

The day we are all waiting for is coming close. India’s Mars Orbiter spacecraft, Mangalyaan, was launched onboard PSLV-C25 on 5 November 2013 from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of India. It is slated to be inserted in Mars atmosphere on September 24. Nine months after lift-off; India’s spacecraft is ready for the final lap. Nine months will give birth and add a new chapter in Indian space research.

India’s Mars Orbiter Mission, Mangalyaan is 24 days and 9 million km away from the Red Planet. The spacecraft is slated to enter the Mars Orbiter on September 24 at 7.30 am. The ISRO informs, the spacecraft is travelling at 21-22 km/sec. ‘This is a very critical phase of the mission. We are all keeping our fingers crossed’, says Dr K Radhakrishnan, ISRO Chairman.

The Mangalyaan probe, India’s first interplanetary mission, has a Rs 450 crore price tag, which is less than a sixth of the amount earmarked for a Mars probe to be launched by NASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration). US, Europe and Russia have sent probes that have orbited or landed on Mars at much greater cost.

 

Probes to Mars have a high failure rate and a success will be a boost for India, especially after a similar mission by China failed to leave earth’s orbit in 2011. China is closely following Mangalyaan’s successful launch, which will aid India’s efforts to capture more of the $304 billion (Rs 18.73 lakh crore) global space market.

Indians hope everything will go fine and India will demonstrate to the world Indian technology at its best. The Indian scientists will not only make an impact with the latest technology but also show case the cost factor which is much cheaper than other Mars missions. And this will open for India a wide array of possibilities in space research and development, and its commercial value.

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Picture Post:

Shree Mallikarjun Temple at Canacona in Goa

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Hot & cold borders around the World

Indian soldiers at the LOC

                                                 

Border lines blow hot and cold. We often read about ceasefire violations on the LOC on the western side of India, by Pakistan in different sectors, from time to time. There is constant tension on this border line separating India and Pakistan. Similarly there are border lines in other parts of the world too, some peaceful some dangerous hotpots. Now we hear about the skirmishes and hand to hand fights on the LAC between India and China. All the borders though defined is not adhered to by one of the countries which gives rise to tension and border disputes.

 

Every other day one hears news about ceasefire violation by Pakistan across the LOC (Line of Control). This is very unfortunate, for the single most important success of Indo-Pak peace process – ever since 2004 – has been the ceasefire across the LOC. Violation of the agreement creates a toxic environment, impending bilateral relations. It is crucial that existing agreements regarding the ceasefire are persevered by Pakistan and its army; must step back from the brink. Or else the volatile situation creates constant tension on both sides to the forces and the poor villagers living on both sides of the LOC separating India and Pakistan army.

Similarly there are many border lines in different parts of the world, with some quiet and peaceful, while others dangerous hotpots. And some others are just demarcation of two friendly countries. But border line indicate separations between two people or countries.

Radcliffe Line:

Sixty seven years ago on 15 August, the Radcliffe line separating India and Pakistan was published. Two nations, India and Pakistan were born. But with Pakistan occupying a part of Kashmir in 1948, made the line meaningless at least in Kashmir.

Durand Line 

Durand Line:

This refers to the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. It was demarcated by Sir Mortimer Durand Line. It is a very sensitive area prone to attacks on both sides. One often hears of firing and loss of life.

McMahon Line:

The border between India and China, named after Sir Henry McMahon, diplomat and soldier. China does not accept it and again this place is a hot spot. We read reports of Chinese intrusion into Indian territory very often and face off between the two armies. sometimes it leads to war-like situation.

McMahon Line

Oder Niesse Line:

Is the boundary between Germany and Poland, drawn after World War II. It is a peaceful border compared to others.

17^th Parallel:

Marked the boundary between North Veitnam and South Veitnam before the two were united and it has seen much violence and loss of lives, and were involved in a bitter war between  the North Veitnamese and  South Veit Congs. Now they are united and one country.

Oder Niesse Line

Mannerheim Line:

Was drawn by General Mannerheim. It is the line of fortifications on the Russia-Finland border. it is a quiet border.

38^th Parallel:

Is the name of the border between North and South Korea. A dangerous place with skirmishes happening between North  Korean Communists and South Korean army. However presently its peaceful.

38th Parallel

49^th Parallel:

The boundary between USA and Canada runs roughly along with the latitude, separating the two North American countries.

Border line separates two people and two countries, and crossing the line is not easy, sometimes there are restrictions and you are not allowed to cross the line. Doing so at your own risk one can be shot or arrested. In many cases one needs a passport and visa to cross these lines.

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India joins US and China among world’s three biggest military spenders

The US, China and India were the world’s three biggest military spenders in 2019, arms watchdog Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPR) said . India’s defence expenditure rose by 6.8% to $71.1 billion. India’s tensions and rivalry with both Pakistan and China are among the major drivers for its increased military spending, SIPRI senior researcher Siemon Wezeman said.

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Picture Post:

The Golden temple at Amritsar, Punjab, India. 
The holiest place for Sikhs around the world.

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India must look for Pacers - Genuine fast bowlers

Just as the opening batsmen give a team a good start, similarly the pace bowlers give a good start by taking a few early wickets, paving way for other bowlers to strike. And fast bowlers hunt in pairs. In recent years Kapil Dev and Javagal Srinath, his one ball during the 1996 tour of South Africa measured 156kph (97mph), showed some spark and yielded good results. India needs young fast bowlers who are fast and furious who can bowl hostile spells in home and foreign conditions to win test matches.

Mohd Nissar in action

Not many youngsters must have heard about the Indian pace bowling attack in the early thirties of Mohd Nissar, with a strike rate of a wicket every 48 balls and Amar Singh. They were potent and instilled fear in the batsmen. After them, India has struggled to find an attacking fast bowling pair. Just as the opening batsmen give a team a good start, similarly the pace bowlers give a good start by taking a few early wickets, paving way for other bowlers to strike. And fast bowlers hunt in pairs. In recent years Kapil Dev and Javagal Srinath, his one ball during the 1996 tour of South Africa measured 156kph (97mph), showed some spark and yielded good results.

Amar Singh 

Much has been said about the 3-1 defeat in the recent Test Cricket series in England. But the Indian experts still ignore one major factor; India’s obsession with medium pace. Bowling at 130kph is not going to win India anything, especially on foreign tours. Medium pacers can be used as stock bowlers or when the conditions and pitch helps in swing bowling. The need of the hour is tear-away fast bowlers or bowlers bowling consistently at around 140kph, thereby making the opposition batsmen hop or put them on the back foot. And using the bouncer as the surprise weapon. One cannot expect India to win matches overseas with medium pacers. This is no rocket science!

Mohd Nissar 

After India won the World Cup in 1983 with the bowling of Kapil Dev, Madan Lal, Roger Binny and Balwinder Singh Sandhu, Pakistan’s great all-rounder and fast bowler commented – ‘They are not attacking, but defensive bowlers.’ And he is right in a way. Most foreign teams are aware of this Indian weakness. You might win an odd match, but it is absolutely difficult to win regularly.

In the England series, given the limited opportunity, Varun Aaron was impressive and exposed the futility of India’s obsession for medium pacers for all conditions. Aaron troubled the English batsmen with pace and penetrative bowling. 

Kapil Dev

He is young and raw, but has to be persisted with. Fast bowlers hunt in pairs. Umesh Yadav must get a look-in in Test Cricket. Currently, these two with Ishant Sharma, who looked better this time with pace and aggression, can form the core for Indian new ball attack.

Mohd Shammi was a disappointment, but he has pace too and if guided properly, can join Bhuvaneshwar Kumar as the five-man new ball attack, and can be played in rotation to provide rest to players in between matches. They are all young and need to be guided and taken care of. If possible, should be allowed to play in county cricket which will help provide them with experience in alien conditions.

J Srinath with S Tenulkar

Meanwhile the selectors should look for good talented fast bowlers. In a vast country like ours, you are bound to get raw talent. India has the reputation for throwing up good spinners, but we have to be patient as it takes years to sharpen their craft. They should be nurtured and made into a potential wicket-taking bowlers. Ashwin, Amit Mishra and others are a good bowlers in the sub-continent conditions, but on foreign soil, they are yet to show his full wicket-taking potential.

Varun Aaron being congratulated 

The coming series against West Indies and Australia will indicate if our experts and selectors have learnt their lesson from the dismal performance in the recently concluded England Test Cricket series where not only the bowling, but poor batting, fielding and in-experience of the Indian team was exposed by the England team.

Umesh Yadav

There is no short cut to success, it demands hard work and dedication. There is talent in India, but it has to be harnessed properly over the years, and then the positive results slowly begin to come. Our obsession with medium pace for all seasons and conditions should change to get positive results. Good pace bowling attack is a must to win consistently and more so on foreign soil.


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Picture Post:

Netaji Subash Chandra Bose with Adolf Hitler in Germany
on 29 May 1942.

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Indian Youth & Moral Values

After 68 years of Indian independence, with a new generation of Indians growing up, it would be worth while to have a look at the Indian youth, their lifestyle, outlook and moral values. Do they still believe in Indian tradition and culture?

India is changing. With a new lifestyle, education and explosion of technology and latest means of communication; live-in relationships have become passé. And homosexuality is slowly but steadily also finding acceptance. The change however is obvious only in a small-but-growing number of youngsters, and mostly in urban areas and cities.

India’s middle-class is very proud of its moral values. Youth and relationships in India’s young pay a heavy price for straddling both tradition and modernity. Though they may have been brought up on a diet of western influence or Americanisms, but scratch the surface and you will realize that India’s young still hangs on to the traditional values which is deep-rooted in their DNA, whether living in India or abroad. The young may be comfortable with flirting or a fling or two before tying the sacred knot, but marriage is still a trusted bond and sacred institution to Indians. Whether it is arranged or love-marriage, inter-caste or inter-faith, the marriages are not only between two persons, but between two families which helps to keep the culture and tradition alive. Once married the bond continues till the end.

An American friend of mine made an interesting observation – ‘The young Indian boys and girls dress in a modern style just as the American youth. But once you know them and converse, they appear to be educated, more knowledgeable and steeped in Indian tradition though outwardly they look modern. This is a quality which makes them different from our youth.’

Though the joint-family system is being slowly replaced by a nuclear family, they still tend to follow the custom and tradition of their family and parents in rituals, marriages, celebrating festivals etc though they may be modern in thought and lifestyle. So one can safely say, the Indian youth of today – both boys and girls may be modern in thought and dress, but still believe in the Indian tradition and customs which they have imbibed from their parents or grand-parents during their growing-up years.


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Picture Post:

At the Indo-Pakistan Wagha border in Punjab, the Pakistan Rangers
& Indian Border Security Force personnel performing the daily drill.

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Modi Lipi – the Script to unravel History

                                                  

Modi lipi which was once the official script needs to be revived. It was prevalent not only in Maharastra, but also in several parts of the country. Many ancient documents are gathering dust as no one is able to decode the text. It may reveal a lot of  facts and information.

 

I had heard from my father and elders about the Modi lipi being used in olden days. Not to be confused with the popular surname in the news these days! Old legal documents were written in this strange writing which looks like calligraphy. Many old documents in various states of India, including Mumbai and Goa were written in this script, which was then the official script of all land, royal, revenue, government and legal documents in the past.

Devnagari script came much later and became popular, replacing the Modi script. In olden days, Marathi was written in Modi script. Presently it is a nearly extinct script these days. Before independence, it was in demand and part of the curriculum in many schools and syllabus. In 1952, it was officially withdrawn from school syllabus by the Maharastra government. 

After which Devnagari became popular and was accepted by all, and slowly Modi script vanished from the scene. But since all old records are in Modi script, learning it could unravel a huge treasure of history. The historical information could inform us a lot of life of those days. During the Maratha rule, Modi lipi reached its peak of glory as it was the official script those days. In fact during the Yadav period, all official documents were written in Modi script. The Peshwas continued the tradition, so did the British when they took over realized it’s importance to read old records.

It was only after Indian Independence with Devnagari gaining prominence, Modi script was ignored and soon forgotten. And with that all these treasure of old documents from various dynasties and British era gathered dust. These documents otherwise would have thrown light on the facts of life and provide information on other parameters.

Last year Dr Anuradha Kulkarni of the Historical Research Institute in Pune had received 250 letters and documents of the period of Shivaji’s reign and after decoding the Modi script, found that a lot of Persian words were used. This may be an indication of the trade with outsiders  and interaction with people who knew Persian.

Many land records which were in Modi script could not be read and hence the Maharastra state government has established a committee to decipher the documents and digitalise them properly for future generations. It will also clear the ownership of certain old properties and their legal heirs.

The Bhonsale kingdom of Sarfoji Raje (half-brother of Shivaji) in Thanjavur (present day Tanjore in Tamil Nadu) had a huge collection of writings in Modi script. The present scion of the erstwhile king, T Shivaji, has been actively involved in its revival. Wherever the rule of Shivaji and later the Peshwas was established, Modi script was popular and used in royal documents, notices and correspondence. Besides Thanjavur, Goa, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and several other states have found to have document in Modi script.

Apart from Modi script, other scripts like Brahmi, Khatri, Halle Kannada, etc are also rare, but the richest stock of documents and literature is in Modi lipi. Learning the old script would help to decipher a wealth of information otherwise would be hidden forever.

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Picture Post:

The memorial and temple at Vivekananda Rock in the midst
of the sea near Kanya Kumari in South India.

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